What did the original GEO paper actually prove?

The original GEO paper (KDD 2024, arXiv 2311.09735) showed experimentally that adding quotations, statistics, and source citations can raise a page's visibility in generative engine responses by up to 40%, while keyword stuffing offers little to no benefit. The researchers compared nine optimization methods on GEO-bench, a 10,000-query benchmark, and the best method improved on the baseline by 41%.

Updated 2026-07-12

Frequently asked questions

What did the original GEO paper actually prove?
The KDD 2024 paper by researchers from Princeton and IIT Delhi showed that adding quotations, statistics, and source citations boosts content visibility in generative engine responses by up to 40%, while keyword stuffing offers little to no improvement — and performed 10% worse than baseline on Perplexity.ai.
Which GEO techniques worked best?
Quotation addition, statistics addition, and citing sources ranked highest; the best method improved Position-Adjusted Word Count by 41% over baseline. Fluency and readability edits added 15-30%. Lower-ranked sites benefited most: rank-5 sources gained 115.1% visibility with cited sources.
Do the results transfer directly to Korean websites?
Not automatically. GEO-bench is built on English queries and sources, and the test engine was a 2023-24 GPT-3.5-based setup. The direction — put verifiable evidence on the page — holds, but the exact percentages are not a guarantee.